Carlos Polestico Garcia KR (Tagalog: [ˈkaɾlɔs pɔlɛsˈtɪkɔ gaɾˈsɪa]; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader who was the eighth presidt of the Philippines. A lawyer by profession, Garcia tered politics wh he became represtative of Bohol’s 3rd district in the House of Represtatives. He th served as a sator from 1945 to 1953. In 1953 he was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the 1953 presidtial election. He th served as vice presidt from 1953 to 1957. After the death of Magsaysay in March 1957, he succeeded to the presidcy. He won a full term in the 1957 presidtial election. He ran for a second full term as presidt in the 1961 presidtial election and was defeated by Vice Presidt Diosdado Macapagal.
Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol, Philippines on November 4, 1896, to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polestico, who were both natives of Bangued, Abra.
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Garcia grew up with politics, with his father serving as a municipal mayor for four terms. He acquired his primary education in his native town Talibon, th took his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High School, now Abellana National School, both at the top of his class. Initially, he pursued his college education at Silliman University in Dumaguete, Negros Orital, and later studied at the Philippine Law School, th the College of Law of National University, where he earned his law degree in 1923 and later, where he was awarded the honorary degree Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa from the National University in 1961. He also received an honorary doctorate degree from Tokyo University in Japan.
Carlos P. Garcia
Rather than practicing law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned the nickname Prince of Visayan Poets and the Bard from Bohol.
Garcia tered politics in 1925, scoring an impressive victory to become represtative of the third district of Bohol. He was elected for another term in 1928 and served until 1931. He was elected governor of Bohol in 1933, but served only until 1941 wh he successfully ran for Sate, but he was unable to serve due to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. He assumed the office wh Congress re-conved in 1945 after Allied liberation and the d of the war. Wh he resumed duties as sator after the war, he was chos Sate majority floor leader.
Garcia refused to cooperate with the Japanese during the war. He did not surrder wh he was placed on the wanted list with a price on his head. He instead and took part in the guerilla activities and served as adviser in the free governmt organized in Bohol.
Claro M. Recto
Garcia was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the 1953 presidtial election in which both m won. He was appointed secretary of foreign affairs by Presidt Magsaysay, and for four years served concurrtly as vice-presidt.
As secretary of foreign affairs, he oped formal reparation negotiations in an effort to d the nine-year technical state of war betwe Japan and the Philippines, leading to an agreemt in April 1954. During the Geva Conferce of 1954 on Korean unification and other Asian problems, Garcia, as chairman of the Philippine delegation, attacked communist promises in Asia and defded the U.S. policy in the Far East. In a speech on May 7, 1954–the day that the Viet Minh defeated Frch forces at the Battle of Diên Biên Phu in Vietnam– Garcia repeated the Philippine stand for nationalism and opposition to Communism.
Garcia acted as chairman of the eight-nation Southeast Asian Security Conferce held in Manila in September 1954, which led to the developmt of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
Political History Of The Philippines
Vice Presidt Carlos P. Garcia (right) was sworn in as presidt upon Magsaysay's death at the Council of State Room in the Executive Building of the Malacañan Palace complex. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Ricardo Paras.
At the time of Presidt Magsaysay's sudd death due to airplace crash on March 17, 1957, Garcia was heading the Philippine delegation to the SEATO conferce th being held at Canberra, Australia.
Having be immediately notified of the tragedy, Vice Presidt Garcia planed back for Manila. Upon his arrival, he directly reported to Malacañang Palace to assume the duties of presidt. Chief Justice Ricardo Paras of the Supreme Court administered the oath of office, which took place at 5:56 PM PHT on March 18, 1957. Presidt Garcia's first actions were to declare a period of national mourning and to preside over the burial ceremonies for Magsaysay.
Th National Conference On Local And National History Program And Book Of Abstracts By Philippine National Historical Society
Presidt Garcia won a full term as presidt with a landslide win in the national elections of November 12, 1957. Garcia, the Nacionalista candidate, garnered around 2.07 million votes or 41% of the total votes counted, defeating his closest rival, Jose Y. Yulo of the Liberal Party. His running mate, House Speaker Jose B. Laurel Jr., lost to Pampanga 1st district Represtative Diosdado P. Macapagal. This was the first time in Philippine electoral history where a presidt was elected by a plurality rather than a majority, and in which the winning presidtial and vice-presidtial candidates came from differt parties. Garcia took his oath of office on December 30, 1957, commcing his second consecutive and only full term.
After much discussion, both official and public, the Congress of the Philippines, finally, approved a bill outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines. Despite the pressure exerted against the congressional measure, Garcia signed the aforemtioned bill into law as Republic Act No. 1700 or the Anti-Subversion Act on June 19, 1957.
The act was superseded by Presidtial Decree No. 885, titled Outlawing Subversive Organization, Palizing Membership Therein and For Other Purposes, and was later amded by Presidtial Decree No. 1736 and later superseded by Presidtial Decree No. 1835, titled, Codifying The Various Laws on Anti-Subversion and Increasing the Palties for Membership in Subversive Organization. This, in turn, was amded by Presidtial Decree No. 1975. On May 5, 1987, Executive Order No. 167 repealed Presidtial Decrees No. 1835 and No. 1975 as being unduly restrictive of the constitutional right to form associations.
President Of The Philippines Facts For Kids
On September 22, 1992, Republic Act No. 1700, as amded, was repealed by Republic Act No. 7636 during the administration of Fidel V. Ramos,
Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessm over foreign investors. He was also responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese businessm in the country. In a speech during a joint session of Congress on September 18, 1946, Garcia said the following:
We are called upon to decide on this momtous debate whether or not this land of ours will remain the cradle and grave, the womb and tomb of our race – the only place where we can build our homes, our temples, and our altars and where we erect the castles of our racial hopes, dreams and traditions and where we establish the warehouse of our happiness and prosperity, of our joys and sorrows.[13] Austerity Program [ edit ]
President Of The Philippines
In the face of the trying conditions in the country, Garcia initiated what has be called The Austerity Program. His administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistce on a comprehsive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete economic freedom and added that the governmt no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy. He promised to shake off the yoke of ali domination in business, trade, commerce and industry. Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts.
By the people at large and confidce was expressed that the measures proposed would help solve the standing problems of the Republic.
During his administration, he acted on the Bohl–Serrano Agreemt, which shorted the lease of the American military bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it rewable after every five years.
President Carlos P. Garcia Memorial Park
Presidt Garcia, with the strong advocacy of Agriculture and Natural Resources Secretary Juan G. Rodriguez, invited the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation to establish a rice research institute in Los Baños, Laguna. This led to the establishmt of the International Rice Research Institute in 1960.
In addition to his laws and programs, the Garcia administration also put emphasis on reviving the Filipino culture. In doing so, the Republic Cultural Award was created. To this day, the award is being giv to Filipino artists, scitists, historians, and writers.
At the d of his second term, he ran for re–election in the presidtial elections of November 14, 1961, but was defeated by Vice Presidt Diosdado Macapagal, who belonged to the rival Liberal Party.
Cong. Pablo John Garcia.pptx
On June 1, 1971, Garcia was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convtion, where delegates elected him as presidt of the convtion. However, on June 14, 1971, Garcia died from a heart attack on 5:57 p.m. at his Manila residce along Bohol Avue (now Sergeant Esguerra Avue), Quezon City.
Garcia was the first layman to lie
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