The vice presidt of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas, also referred to as Bise Presidte ng Pilipinas) is the second-highest official in the executive branch of the Philippine governmt and is the first in the presidtial line of succession. The vice presidt is directly elected by the people and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the presidt.
The currt office of the vice presidt was re-established under the 1987 Constitution, bearing similarities with the office as created in the 1935 Constitution that was abolished by the Marcos regime. The vice presidt may be elected to two consecutive six-year terms. The 15th and incumbt vice presidt Sara Duterte was inaugurated on June 19, 2022,
The official title of the office in Filipino is Pangalawang Pangulo, although Bise Presidte, derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the major Philippine languages, such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon language. The text of the 1987 Constitution refers to the person and office of the vice-presidt, with a hyph connecting the two words. However, the person and office is usually referred to today without the hyph, as the vice presidt.
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The first known vice presidt claiming to be part of a governmt was Mariano TrĂas, whose term started on March 22, 1897. He was elected during the elections of the Tejeros Convtion, and was later elected vice presidt of the Supreme Council that oversaw negotiations for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. This Supreme Council had no sovereignty, did not govern any state, and was just used for bargaining with the Spanish. This council was replaced later, with no such position existing during the country's declaration of indepdce in 1898, which had a dictatorial governmt. Officially, the country's first actual republic was founded in 1899, and it too had no vice presidt. Trias instead served in the cabinets of Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, as finance minister and war minister, respectively. Trias is not considered a Philippine vice presidt as the Supreme Council did not proclaim any sovereign state.
Provided the basis for the Commonwealth governmt. It also established the position of vice presidt, and as per Section 12, Subsection 3, the vice presidt may be appointed by the presidt to a cabinet position. But unlike their U.S. counterpart, the vice presidt is not the presidt of the Philippine sate as sators choose their presidt from among their ranks. The first person elected to the position of vice presidt under the constitution was Sergio Osmeña, elected together with Manuel L. Quezon in the first Philippine national elections.
Since the inception of the 1935 constitution, the presidt and vice presidt came from the same ticket and political party, until the 1957 elections, which saw the first-ever split ticket that won the presidcy and vice presidcy.
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The 1973 Constitution abolished the office of the vice presidt and Fernando Lopez was therefore unable to finish his term. Subsequt amdmts, particularly the 1984 amdmts restored the vice presidcy. Arturo Toltino was officially proclaimed vice presidt-elect by the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1986. He took his oath as vice presidt on February 16, 1986, before Chief Justice Ramon Aquino, but because of popular belief that the elections had be rigged, he never actually served out his term as vice presidt. Within a week after Toltino's oath, the People Power Revolution resulted in the collapse of the Marcos regime.
The People Power Revolution installed Corazon Aquino into the presidcy. On February 25, 1986, Aquino and her running mate, Salvador Laurel, were sworn in as presidt and vice-presidt, respectively.
Since the promulgation of the 1987 constitution, only two elections have produced a presidt and a vice presidt from the same ticket: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Noli de Castro in 2004 and Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte in 2022.
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Aside from being mandated to assume the presidcy in case of the death, disability, or resignation of the incumbt Presidt, the 1987 Constitution did not lay out any explicit powers for the vice presidt, giving rise to the office being called a spare tire.
Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution provided, however, that the vice presidt may be appointed to a cabinet position, without the need for confirmation. Appointmts usually must be confirmed by the Commission on Appointmts, as per Article 7, Section 16 of the Constitution.
Since the inception of the 1935 Constitution, vice presidts have be appointed to Cabinet positions, with a few rejecting the offer made by the seating presidt. Osmeña was giv the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio with inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in November 1935. Prior to indepdce in 1946, that cabinet portfolio was Secretary of Public Instruction, which had once be reserved only for the vice governor-geral (an American). Vice Presidt Osmeña held that position from 1935 to 1939, and a similar portfolio in the War Cabinet during World War II.
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After indepdce, the highest-ranking cabinet position became that of secretary of foreign affairs (it is still the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio in official protocol to this day), which was giv to Vice Presidt Elpidio Quirino. Vice Presidt Fernando Lopez declined the foreign affairs portfolio wh he became Quirino's vice presidt in 1949. However, Vice Presidts Carlos P. Garcia and Emmanuel Pelaez also held the foreign affairs portfolio, a tradition revived in the Fifth Republic, with Vice Presidts Salvador Laurel and Teofisto Guingona Jr. held the foreign affairs portfolio. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served as secretary of social welfare and developmt. Other Cabinet positions with no secretary title was giv to Vice Presidt Joseph Estrada as chairman of the Presidtial Anti-Crime Commission and to Vice Presidts Noli de Castro, Jejomar Binay, and Li Robredo as chairman of the Housing and Urban Developmt Coordinating Council. Vice Presidt Sara Duterte currtly serves as the secretary of education.
Among the vice presidts, Diosdado Macapagal alone was not giv any cabinet position, since he was the first elected vice presidt that did not originate from the same party as the incumbt presidt.
Vice Presidt Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo taking her oath as the 14th presidt of the Philippines following the evts of EDSA 2, which ousted Presidt Joseph Estrada
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The vice presidt is first in the presidtial line of succession. The Constitution provides several circumstances where the vice presidt (or the vice presidt-elect) shall assume the presidcy or serve as acting presidt.
There have be four cases where the vice presidt has assumed the presidcy, three of which because of the presidt's death, and one because of the presidt's resignation:
Aside from their constitutional roles, the vice presidt may initiate various programs and services under the Office of the Vice Presidt. The vice presidt also performs ceremonial functions, occasionally represting the presidt, the governmt, and the country in official gatherings and diplomatic functions. The vice presidt is also a member of the National Security Council.
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Article 7, Section 3 of the 1987 Constitution mandates that the vice presidt must bear the same qualifications as the presidt which is:
Natural-born Filipinos are citizs of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizship. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizs of the Philippines at the time of their birth and those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizship upon reaching the age of majority are considered natural-born Filipinos.
The vice presidt is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the presidt: by direct vote every six years, usually on the second Monday of May.
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Both the presidt and the vice presidt are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election.
While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of presidt and vice presidt, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from differt parties to be elected as presidt and vice presidt; since the establishmt of the Fifth Republic in 1986, only the elections of 2004 and 2022 had the winners come from a single ticket.
The returns of every election for presidt and vice presidt, duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the presidt of the Sate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the presidt of the Sate shall op all the certificates in the presce of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election day. Congress th canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls are authtic and were done in the manner provided by law.
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Traditionally, the vice presidt takes the oath first, a little before noon for two reasons. First, according to protocol, no one follows the presidt (who is last due to his supremacy), and second, to establish a constitutionally valid successor before the presidt-elect accedes. During the Quezon inauguration, however, the vice presidt and legislature were sworn in after the presidt, to symbolize a new start. In 2016
The inaugurations for presidt and vice presidt were held separately. Vice Presidt-elect Sara Duterte broke tradition by taking oath on June
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